In this episode of Meaningful Work Matters, Andrew speaks with Sara Wolkenfeld, Chief Learning Officer at Sefaria, an online database and interface for Jewish texts. Wolkenfeld is a member of Class Six of the Wexner Field Fellowship, a rabbinic alumna of the David Hartman Center at the Hartman Institute of North America, and serves as Scholar-in-Residence at Ohev Sholom Congregation in Washington, DC.
Her current research and writing focus on the intersection between Jewish ethics and advancements in technology, with her work appearing in publications like The Atlantic, First Things, and Religion Dispatches.
Together, Soren and Wolkenfeld explore how ancient wisdom can help us navigate modern challenges, particularly around technology, meaningful work, and finding balance in our lives.
Finding Purpose in Work Through Ancient Jewish Wisdom
Wolkenfeld introduces a fundamental distinction in Jewish thought between two types of work. The Hebrew word, עֲבוֹדָה (Avodah) refers to work without craftsmanship or creativity – essentially, assigned labor. It's the word used in the Bible to describe the labor of enslaved Israelites in Egypt. In contrast, מְלָאכָה (Melechah) describes creative labor – work that you invest in and feel proud of.
"In Jewish thought, the same word: מְלָאכָה (Melechah), is used to describe the intentional work that God put into creating the world in the book of Genesis and the kinds of labor that are forbidden to traditional Jews on the Sabbath," Wolkenfeld explains.
This framework also establishes a rhythm between work and rest that has guided Jewish practice for millennia. Rabbinic sources emphasize that the mandate not to work on the seventh day is inextricably bound to the mandate to work on the other six days. This duality highlights the importance and value of purposeful work as a central part of human existence.
AI, Technology, and Finding the Divine in Our Work
Wolkenfeld goes on to discuss how technology, namely AI, can serve as a partner in meaningful work rather than a threat to it. She argues that what makes us human isn't necessarily the ability to do any job “better” than AI, but rather our capacity to love our work and find meaning in it.
When considering which tasks to delegate to AI, Wolkenfeld proposes asking not whether AI can do something better, but rather: "How do we want to spend our time?" She gives the example of using AI to draft routine emails while reserving more relationship-building communications for personal attention. This approach allows us to choose where we invest our creative energy based on what brings us meaning.
"If AI wants to wash my dishes or organize my cabinets or do my laundry, that's great. Those aren't places where I particularly feel that I channel the divine. But I'm going to keep writing essays because that's something that helps me form and feel I am."
Technology as a Partner in Meaningful Work
Wolkenfeld emphasizes the importance of organizations having a clear mission and strong values to guide technological decisions.
Using Sefaria as an example, she explains how they've used machine learning to enhance access to interconnected Jewish texts. Traditional Jewish texts are "heavily interconnected" through a layering system of references and quotes. Machine learning allows them to surface these connections as links, making complex textual relationships visible to readers without years of specialized training.
However, Wolkenfeld also describes instances where they've chosen not to implement certain technologies, such as chatbots that would provide definitive answers to religious questions. This decision reflects their commitment to preserving the multiplicity of interpretations central to Jewish textual tradition. "Fundamental to the idea of having all these different kinds of texts is the idea that there's generally not one right answer," she explains. "You would be doing it wrong if you came up with one right answer."
Rest, Work, and Setting Boundaries
Returning to an earlier theme in the conversation, Wolkenfeld discusses how the Jewish concept of Sabbath provides clear boundaries between work and rest that can help address modern work-life balance issues.
She notes how our modern definition of "work" often depends on context rather than the action itself – the same activity might be considered work or leisure depending on who asked us to do it. In contrast, the Jewish Sabbath focuses on specific actions regardless of context, providing clearer boundaries.
While acknowledging that strict boundaries don't work for everyone (some prefer integration while others prefer segregation between work and life), Wolkenfeld suggests that having clear organizational guidelines can help, even if they sometimes feel constraining.
This leads to another important insight about meaningful work: "Being in a state of invested, meaningful work doesn't mean that it doesn't still feel like work." Finding purpose doesn't eliminate challenge or difficulty – in fact, wrestling with difficulty can be part of what makes work meaningful.
Leadership and the Human Element in Work
As their conversation nears its end, Soren asks what advice Wolkenfeld would offer leaders trying to create environments where people find both meaning and balance.
Wolkenfeld emphasizes that leaders need to model their commitments, not just talk about them. She shares a Jewish wisdom saying about stepping up to be the person needed when no one else is there. In the context of AI and technology, she interprets this as identifying the uniquely human element we bring to our work.
In a world increasingly dominated by technological tools, Wolkenfeld suggests leaders should focus on what they uniquely contribute that technology cannot replace. When leaders demonstrate enthusiasm for their unique human contributions, they naturally inspire others to do the same.
When asked about her greatest hope for the future of work, Wolkenfeld returns to the ancient wisdom that began their conversation. She finds inspiration in how enduring work has been throughout human history and shares the Talmudic insight that people fundamentally need work to occupy their minds, hands, and souls.
Rather than fearing technology might make human work obsolete, Wolkenfeld expresses optimism about our capacity to find new forms of meaningful work. She believes humans are deeply driven to make a difference in the world, and this drive will continue to express itself regardless of technological change.
Key Takeaways
Ancient wisdom provides frameworks for addressing modern challenges, showing that while technology changes, human questions about purpose and meaning endure.
When navigating new technologies, focus on core values and mission rather than adopting technology for its own sake or resisting it out of fear.
Leaders should model both boundaries and commitment, demonstrating what they uniquely bring to the table that technology cannot replace.
Meaningful work doesn't always feel comfortable or easy – the challenge can be part of what makes it meaningful.
Resources for Further Exploration
Sefaria: An online platform making Jewish texts accessible (www.sefaria.org)
Sara Wolkenfeld's articles in The Atlantic and Religious Dispatches
Jewish texts exploring the concept of מְלָאכָה (Melechah, or, creative labor) and Shabbat (Sabbath)
Connect with Sara Wolkenfeld through Sefaria or at Ohev Sholom Congregation in Washington, DC.